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Research areas in Open and Distance Learning identified by national and international reviewers broadly reflect the evolving pedagogical, technological, managerial, and policy-related concerns of the field. National reviewers, particularly in developing countries, often emphasize access, equity, learner support systems, curriculum design, and the effectiveness of distance education in addressing socio-economic and regional disparities. Studies focus on learner characteristics, dropout and retention, instructional design of self-learning materials, assessment practices, and the role of regional centres and study centres. Management-related research areas include planning, governance, quality assurance, faculty roles, cost-effectiveness, and the integration of distance education within national higher education systems. Research on teacher training, student support services, and the use of conventional media such as print, radio, and television has also received considerable _________ ____ _________ ______ ________ _____.
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