How are database security and database integrity related? Briefly discuss the different levels of security measures which may be considered to protect the database.
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What are integrity constraints? Discuss the various types of integrity constraints that can be imposed on database.
Write SQL commands for each of the following. Also illustrate the usage of each command through suitable example.
(i) Creation of views
(ii) Creation of sequences
(iii) Outer join
(iv) To give access permission to any use
Discuss the importance of file organisation in databases. Mention the different types of file organisations available. Discuss any one of the mentioned file organisations in detail.
An organization needs to provide Medical facilities to its employees and their dependents. Organization is having a list of Doctors, Hospitals and Test centres for the employees facility. An employee may get Medical facility from the list of Doctors, Hospitals and Test centres provided by the organization to them. Employee does not need to pay anything for the facilities availed. The Doctors, Hospitals and Test centres directly raise their bill to the organization.
Identify the entities, relationships, constraints and cardinality and construct an ER diagram for the above mentioned specifications. List your assumptions and clearly indicate the cardinality mappings as well as any role indicators in your ER diagram.
Give the limitations of file based system. How can they be overcome using DBMS?
For what reasons is 2-phase locking protocol required? Explain. Discuss the disadvantages of basic 2-phase locking protocol. List the ways and means that can be used to overcome the disadvantages.
Consider the relation R (A, B, C, D, E) and the set of functional dependencies :-
F(A→D, {A,B} → C, D → E)
Assume that the decomposition of R into {R1 (A, B, C) and R2 (A, D, E)}. Is this decomposition lossless? Justify?