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The concept of "Social Justice" holds a central place in the evolution and implementation of labour laws, especially in a developing country like India. Labour laws are not merely instruments to regulate the relationship between employer and employee; they are also instruments of social engineering designed to ensure equity, fairness, and dignity for workers. Social justice, which emphasizes equal treatment, fair opportunities, protection of human rights, and elimination of discrimination and exploitation, plays a pivotal role in ensuring that the legal framework surrounding labour rights reflects the ethical and humanitarian dimensions of employment relations. In the context of labour laws, social justice ensures that all working individuals, particularly those from vulnerable and marginalized communities, are treated with fairness and equality. It mandates that labour should not be treated merely as a commodity and that workers must be given their rightful due in terms of wages, working conditions, security, and social benefits. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution speaks of securing to all citizens justice—social, economic, and political—which underlines the importance of social justice in every lawmaking activity, including those related to labour and employment. Post-independence, India adopted a Constitution that laid strong emphasis on the protection and promotion of labour welfare, influenced by the Directive Principles of State Policy. Articles like 38, 39, 41, 42, and 43 of the Indian Constitution serve as guiding principles for the state to strive toward social justice. These provisions advocate the right to adequate livelihood, equal pay for equal work, just and humane conditions of work, maternity relief, and living wages. Consequently, numerous labour legislations were introduced, focusing on the welfare of workers such as the Factories Act, 1948, the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948. The legislative framework in India has constantly evolved to reflect the spirit of social justice. For instance, the ______ ____ ______ _________ ________ ____.
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