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Agrobiodiversity plays a central role in understanding and addressing the climate change–food security nexus. At its core, agrobiodiversity refers to the variety and variability of animals, plants, and microorganisms used directly or indirectly for food and agriculture. This includes not only crops and livestock but also soil organisms, pollinators, and the broader ecosystems that support food production. Sustainability science emphasizes the interconnectedness of human and natural systems, and within this framework, agrobiodiversity serves as a bridge linking ecological resilience with human well-being. In the face of climate change, agrobiodiversity provides adaptive capacity, reduces risks to food security, and promotes more sustainable production systems that maintain ecological balance. Climate change threatens food security in multiple dimensions—availability, access, utilization, and stability. Rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, droughts, floods, and extreme events directly affect agricultural productivity. In this scenario, reliance on a narrow range of crop varieties or animal breeds increases vulnerability because monocultures are often less resilient to environmental stressors. Agrobiodiversity, by contrast, offers genetic resources that can buffer against climate shocks, maintain productivity under diverse conditions, and ensure a more secure food supply. The diversity of species and varieties provides farmers with options to adapt to shifting climates, while also stabilizing yields in uncertain environmental contexts. One of the most critical contributions of agrobiodiversity to the climate change–food security nexus is genetic diversity within crops and livestock. Local varieties and traditional breeds, often called landraces, have developed over centuries through co-evolution with local environments. These genetic resources often possess traits such as drought tolerance, resistance to pests and diseases, or the ability to thrive in marginal soils. For example, certain millet varieties are highly resilient to arid conditions, while some indigenous cattle _________ _________ _____ ____ _______ ___ _____ _________ ____ ___ ___.
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