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Agrobiodiversity, or agricultural biodiversity, refers to the variety and variability of animals, plants, and microorganisms that are used directly or indirectly for food and agriculture. It includes the diversity of genetic resources such as crops, livestock, fish, forests, soil organisms, pollinators, and the ecosystems in which these species exist. In sustainability science, agrobiodiversity occupies a central role in linking climate change and food security because it provides the adaptive capacity of food systems and ensures resilience against environmental and socio-economic shocks. The climate change–food security nexus highlights how climate variability and extremes threaten food production, access, stability, and nutrition, while diverse agricultural systems have the potential to mitigate such risks. Understanding this relationship is essential for designing sustainable agricultural and food policies that ensure both ecological integrity and human well-being. Climate change has direct impacts on agriculture through temperature shifts, unpredictable rainfall, droughts, floods, pests, and diseases. These changes reduce crop yields, threaten livestock production, and disrupt fisheries, which together undermine food security. Food security, as defined by the FAO, rests on four pillars: availability, access, utilization, and stability. Each of these pillars is influenced by climate change, but agrobiodiversity can act as a buffer by enhancing resilience, reducing vulnerability, and ensuring long-term sustainability of food systems. Therefore, agrobiodiversity represents not only a resource base but also a strategy for sustainable adaptation and mitigation in the face of climate change. One of the most critical roles of agrobiodiversity in this nexus is providing genetic diversity that supports adaptation to changing climatic conditions. Traditional crop varieties and local livestock breeds often carry traits such as drought tolerance, heat resistance, pest resistance, or the ability to thrive in nutrient-poor soils. For instance, millet and sorghum are more resilient to water stress than rice or wheat, ___ __________ ___ _____ __________ ________ ______.
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