Explain the etiological factors, pathophysiological changes, diagnostic tests, and nursing interventions for common disorders of immune system.

Disorders of the immune system can arise due to various etiological factors, leading to significant pathophysiological changes. These disorders can be classified into immunodeficiency disorders, autoimmune diseases, and hypersensitivity reactions. Proper diagnosis and nursing interventions are essential for managing these conditions effectively in medical-surgical nursing.  

### Etiological Factors  
1. Genetic Predisposition: Some immune system disorders, such as primary immunodeficiency diseases (e.g., Severe Combined Immunodeficiency - SCID), have a hereditary basis.  
2. Infections: Viral infections like HIV can weaken the immune system, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndromes. Chronic infections may trigger autoimmune diseases.  
3. Environmental Factors: Exposure to allergens, toxins, radiation, and chemicals can alter immune function, leading to hypersensitivity reactions or autoimmune responses.  
4. Medications: Prolonged use of immunosuppressants (e.g., corticosteroids, chemotherapy drugs) can suppress immune function. Some medications may trigger hypersensitivity reactions.  
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