Discuss the nursing interventions for urinary retention and urinary incontinence.

Urinary retention and urinary incontinence are common urinary disorders that require appropriate nursing interventions to ensure patient comfort, prevent complications, and promote normal urinary function. Nursing interventions for these conditions focus on assessment, management, and patient education.  

### Nursing Interventions for Urinary Retention:  
Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely, leading to discomfort, bladder distention, and possible complications such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) or kidney damage. Nursing interventions include:  

1. Assessment and Monitoring:  
   - Assess the patient's urinary output, frequency, urgency, and volume.  
   - Palpate the bladder for distention and use a bladder scanner if available.  
   - Monitor vital signs and signs of infection such as _________ ______ ________ ___ _______ ________.
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