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Children with special needs are those who require additional support in their physical, mental, social, or emotional development compared to other children of the same age. These children may face barriers in education, social participation, or daily living due to physical disabilities, sensory impairments, intellectual challenges, learning difficulties, or behavioral and emotional issues. They are not a homogenous group but differ in their conditions, capacities, and needs. The identification of such children is important to provide them with appropriate services, programs, and facilities to help them lead a life of dignity and equal opportunity. In the context of services and programmes for children, special needs children require focused intervention, rehabilitation, inclusive education, and community-based support. One category of children with special needs includes those with physical disabilities. These children may have conditions like cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, or limb impairments. For example, a child affected by polio may experience restricted mobility and require assistive devices such as crutches, wheelchairs, or braces. These children need physical therapy, mobility aids, and supportive learning environments in schools with ramps, accessible toilets, and special seating arrangements. The Right of Persons with Disabilities Act in India and schemes like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan emphasize inclusive education, ensuring that children with locomotor disabilities can participate in classrooms with minimal barriers. Their needs extend beyond mobility to include social acceptance and encouragement to participate in co-curricular activities. Another group includes children with sensory impairments, namely hearing and visual disabilities. Children who are deaf or hard of hearing often struggle with language acquisition and communication. For instance, a child who is born deaf may find it difficult to develop spoken language without early intervention such as hearing aids or cochlear implants, combined with training in sign language. Special schools for the hearing impaired focus on auditory training and ______ ______ _____ _______ ________ _________ _____ ________ _______ ___ ___ _____.
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