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Greenpeace, established in 1971, has become one of the world’s most prominent environmental organizations. After Mahatma Gandhi’s era, global non-violent movements were greatly inspired by his philosophy of *ahimsa* (non-violence), *satyagraha* (truth-force), and civil disobedience. Greenpeace adopted and adapted these Gandhian principles into the modern environmental context, especially through peaceful protest, symbolic action, and public engagement. Nowhere was this more evident than in Europe, particularly in its long-standing and dynamic anti-nuclear campaigns. Greenpeace’s anti-nuclear efforts in Europe have been wide-ranging, sustained, and rooted deeply in the tradition of peaceful resistance. These campaigns targeted both nuclear weapons and civilian nuclear energy programs. The major efforts of Greenpeace in this domain can be categorized chronologically and geographically to understand their impact better. In the 1970s, Greenpeace expanded its base from North America to Europe. This period saw growing public concern over nuclear testing and energy production following events like the U.S. atomic testing in the Pacific and the increasing construction of nuclear power plants in Western Europe. Greenpeace activists began mobilizing around these issues using non-violent direct action as a tool for awareness and pressure. The group's earliest European anti-nuclear campaigns included maritime protests against French nuclear testing at Mururoa Atoll in the South Pacific, although the political consequences reverberated strongly in Europe. In the 1980s, _______ ______ _______ ____ ___ __________.
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