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The evolution of Panchayati Raj in India after independence has been a significant journey toward deepening democratic decentralization and empowering local self-governance. The Constitution of India originally placed Panchayats under the Directive Principles of State Policy (Article 40), indicating the vision of organizing village panchayats as units of self-government. However, for several decades, Panchayati Raj institutions (PRIs) lacked constitutional status, uniformity, and financial empowerment. The evolution of the Panchayati Raj system has been significantly shaped by various committees constituted by the Government of India, which analyzed the functioning of local governance and made transformative recommendations. In the initial years after independence, the focus of the government was on centralized planning and industrial growth, and rural governance did not receive the needed attention. However, the growing realization of the importance of involving people at the grassroots level in development led to the formation of the first major committee on Panchayati Raj. The Balwantrai Mehta Committee (1957) is widely regarded as the foundational moment in post-independence Panchayati Raj evolution. Appointed by the Government of India to study the Community Development Programme (1952) and National Extension Service (1953), the committee recommended a three-tier Panchayati Raj system: village (Gram Panchayat), block (Panchayat Samiti), and district level (Zila Parishad). It emphasized democratic decentralization, active participation of the people in planning and development, and entrusting Panchayats with real power and responsibility. This led to the inauguration of the Panchayati Raj system by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 2 October 1959 in Nagaur, Rajasthan. Subsequently, other states ________ __________ ____ ______ _____ ________ ___ ______ ___ _____ __________ ___.
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