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Democratic decentralisation in India refers to the transfer of power, authority, and responsibility from the central and state governments to local self-governing institutions. It is an essential element of participatory governance, aiming to empower citizens at the grassroots level. The idea behind decentralisation is not only administrative efficiency but also the deepening of democracy by bringing government closer to the people. The journey of democratic decentralisation in India is deeply rooted in its historical, political, and constitutional development and has evolved over time to play a significant role in local governance. The concept of decentralisation in India predates independence. Ancient Indian texts and historical records suggest that village communities functioned as self-sufficient and self-governing units. The Sabha and Samiti in the Vedic period and later the Panchayats during the Mauryan and Gupta eras illustrate forms of local governance. However, during British rule, local self-governance was weakened and made subordinate to colonial administrative control. The modern evolution of democratic decentralisation began with Lord Ripon’s Resolution on Local Self-Government in 1882. He is considered the "Father of Local Self-Government in India." His resolution emphasized the need for elected local bodies and the training of citizens in governance. Though limited in implementation, it laid the foundation for later reforms. Post-independence, the Indian Constitution envisaged a democratic and decentralized polity. Article 40 of the Directive Principles of State Policy directs the state to organize village panchayats _____ ______ _______ _______ __________ ____ ___ _________ _____ __________ __________.
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