Describe the nursing management for ACS.

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Nursing Management  

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a spectrum of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart, including unstable angina, Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Prompt and efficient nursing management is crucial for improving patient outcomes, reducing complications, and preventing mortality.  

### 1. Initial Assessment and Triage  
Rapid Evaluation: Upon patient arrival, nurses must quickly assess symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, nausea, and dizziness. Early identification and prioritization in the triage process are essential.  
Vital Signs Monitoring: Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and temperature must be measured regularly to detect hemodynamic instability.  
Electrocardiogram (ECG): A 12-lead ECG should be obtained within 10 minutes of symptom onset to identify ischemic changes and differentiate between NSTEMI and STEMI.  
Pain Assessment: The severity, location, duration, and radiation of chest pain should be assessed using a pain scale to guide treatment.  
History Taking: Collect patient history regarding risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and family history), previous cardiac events, and medication use.  

### 2. Oxygenation and Airway Management  
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