Enumerate the causes of Hypoglycemia and explain its pathophysiology.

Causes of Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia refers to an abnormally low level of blood glucose, typically below 70 mg/dL. It can result from various causes, including:

1. Excess Insulin Administration – Overuse of insulin or other glucose-lowering medications in diabetic patients.
2. Inadequate Food Intake – Skipping meals, prolonged fasting, or inadequate carbohydrate consumption.
3. Excessive Physical Activity – Increased glucose utilization during prolonged exercise without adequate food intake.
4. Alcohol Consumption – Alcohol impairs gluconeogenesis in the liver, leading to hypoglycemia.
5. Critical Illnesses – Severe infections, sepsis, or liver disease can disrupt glucose metabolism.
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