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Karyotyping and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) are two essential cytogenetic techniques used in genetics and animal biotechnology to identify chromosomal abnormalities. These techniques help detect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations that can impact genetic functions, disease susceptibility, and breeding programs in animals.

Karyotyping

Karyotyping is a classical cytogenetic technique that provides a complete visual representation of an organism’s chromosomes. It involves the systematic arrangement of metaphase chromosomes based on their size, shape, and banding patterns. This technique is widely used to detect numerical abnormalities such as aneuploidies (e.g., trisomy, monosomy) and structural aberrations like deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations.

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