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The Holliday model explains the mechanism of homologous recombination as a process by which genetic material is exchanged between two homologous DNA molecules. This model, proposed by Robin Holliday in 1964, was initially developed to explain recombination events during meiosis in fungi, but it also provides a fundamental framework for understanding recombination in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Homologous recombination is essential for generating genetic diversity, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation, and repairing damaged DNA. According to the Holliday model, recombination begins when two homologous double-stranded DNA molecules align closely ____ _____ _________ ____ __________ __________ _____ ____ ______ _____ _____.
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