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Agricultural research in India has played a pivotal role in transforming the country from a food-deficit nation at the time of independence to one of the world’s leading producers of food grains, milk, fruits, vegetables, and fisheries products. The organized framework for agricultural research was laid through the establishment of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), which coordinates research, education, and extension activities across the country. Over the decades, several major research projects and programmes have been implemented to address challenges of food security, productivity, sustainability, and farmer income enhancement. One of the most significant research initiatives was the High Yielding Varieties Programme (HYVP) launched during the Green Revolution period in the mid-1960s. This programme was supported by research collaborations with institutions such as the International Rice Research Institute and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. The project focused on the development and dissemination of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, coupled with improved irrigation, fertilizers, and plant protection measures. The introduction of semi-dwarf wheat varieties and improved rice cultivars resulted in a dramatic increase in food grain production, especially in states like Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh. This research project laid the foundation for India’s self-sufficiency in food grains. Following the Green Revolution, the All India Coordinated Research Projects (AICRPs) were initiated to address region-specific and crop-specific challenges. These projects are multi-location, multi-disciplinary research programmes that involve collaboration among state agricultural universities and ICAR institutes. AICRPs have been implemented for various crops such as rice, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, sugarcane, and millets. For example, the All ____ __________ ___ ___ ______ __________ _____ _____ ________ _____ ___.
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