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Agricultural research in India has played a pivotal role in transforming the country from a food-deficit nation at the time of independence to one of the world’s leading producers of food grains, milk, fruits, vegetables, and fisheries products. The organized framework for agricultural research was laid through the establishment of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), which coordinates research, education, and extension activities across the country. Over the decades, several major research projects and programmes have been implemented to address challenges of food security, productivity, sustainability, and farmer income enhancement. One of the most significant research initiatives was the High Yielding Varieties Programme (HYVP) launched during the Green Revolution period in the mid-1960s. This programme was supported by research collaborations with institutions such as the International Rice Research Institute and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. The project focused on the development and dissemination of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, coupled with improved irrigation, fertilizers, and plant protection measures. The introduction of semi-dwarf wheat varieties and improved rice cultivars resulted ____ __________ ___ _________ _____ __________ ________ ______.
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