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Private extension and privatisation of extension are two related but distinct concepts in the field of agricultural and development communication. Private extension refers to extension services that are delivered by non-governmental actors, such as private companies, cooperatives, NGOs, or individual consultants, who operate alongside or in complement to public extension systems. In this model, private entities provide advisory services, technical guidance, and information to farmers or rural clients, usually with a focus on specific products or technologies, but without necessarily replacing public extension entirely. The primary characteristic of private extension is that it is market-driven, often tailored to specific clients’ needs, and may operate on a fee-for-service basis or be sponsored by companies seeking to promote adoption of certain products, such as seeds, fertilizers, or machinery. In contrast, privatisation of extension implies a broader systemic shift where extension services, traditionally provided by the government, are gradually transferred to the private sector, thereby reducing _____ ______ ____ __________ ________ ____ ____ __________ _____.
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