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The agrarian taxation system under the Mauryas was a highly organized and centralized mechanism that played a crucial role in sustaining the administrative machinery, army, and welfare activities of the empire. The Mauryan Empire, established by Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE and consolidated under Emperor Ashoka, had an economy primarily based on agriculture. Hence, the agrarian taxation system became the backbone of its fiscal structure. The nature of agrarian taxation under the Mauryas can be best understood through textual sources such as Kautilya's *Arthashastra* and inscriptions, especially the edicts of Ashoka. Kautilya’s *Arthashastra*, a treatise on polity and administration written around the same period, offers a comprehensive account of the economic and administrative system, including taxation. According to the *Arthashastra*, land was the most important source of state revenue, and agriculture was considered the primary economic activity. The king, as the sovereign, had the right to collect a portion of agricultural produce from cultivators, which was justified as a fee for providing security, irrigation, and administrative services. The basic unit of revenue assessment was the village, and the land was taxed based on its productivity. The *Arthashastra* mentions that the state _________ _______ _______ ____ _______ _________ _________ _______ _____ __________.
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