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The disciplines of photography and film have played significant roles in shaping ethnographic representation during the period of colonial and post-colonial exploration and scholarship. While both media emerged as tools of documentation and interpretation of different cultures, societies, and peoples, their respective modes of expression, framing, and engagement have distinct implications. Comparing photography and film in the context of ethnographic representation allows for a deeper understanding of their capacities to capture and communicate social realities, especially when examined through the lens of history, including the period of Indian history from c.1206 to 1550. Photography, which emerged in the early 19th century, was quickly adapted by colonial administrators, anthropologists, and travelers as a tool to document the physical and cultural attributes of colonized peoples. In the Indian context, photography became instrumental in producing visual records of architecture, rituals, tribal communities, and caste groups. Ethnographic photography aimed to create a typology of races, castes, and ethnic groups through visual documentation. Often these photographs were taken under controlled conditions to emphasize physical characteristics, dress, and posture, making them appear as objective representations of social groups. The strength ________ _________ ________ _________ _________ ____ _________ ___.
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