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Copyright is a legal right that protects the original works of authors, translators, artists, musicians, publishers, and other creators from unauthorized reproduction, distribution, translation, adaptation, and commercial use. In the field of translation training (Anuvad Prashikshan), knowledge of international copyright agreements is essential because translation itself is regarded as a derivative work and generally requires the permission of the copyright holder unless the work is in the public domain or falls under specific legal exceptions. The earliest and most influential international agreement is the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, adopted in 1886. It is administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The Berne Convention established the principle of "national treatment," according to which authors from one member country receive the same copyright protection in other member countries as local authors. It also introduced the principle of automatic protection, meaning that copyright exists ________ ____ ______ ____ _________ ________ ______ ________ ___.
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