Word Count : 573

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Translation is a systematic and creative process through which the meaning, style, intention, and cultural context of a source language (SL) text are transferred into a target language (TL). It is not merely the substitution of words from one language to another but involves a sequence of carefully planned stages that ensure accuracy, clarity, naturalness, and communicative effectiveness. Every stage of the translation process contributes to producing a faithful and readable translation. The first stage is comprehension or analysis of the source text. At this stage, the translator reads the text thoroughly to understand its subject matter, purpose, tone, style, and intended audience. The translator identifies the literal and implied meanings, grammatical structures, idiomatic expressions, technical terminology, and cultural references. A clear understanding of the author's intention is essential before beginning translation. The second stage is contextual and cultural interpretation. Language is closely ____ ___ _______ ____ __________ ___ _____ ______.
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