State various losses in the solar cell and module.

What are the major difference between commercially available mono crystalline and polycrystalline silicon cells?

 Describe basic parameters and characteristics of a solar cell.

 Discuss the process through which the Earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.

 Describe various component of Solar radiation. Discuss and draw spectral energy distribution of solar radiation at extra-terrestrial and terrestrial.

Explain Planck's law, Stefan Boltzmann law of thermal radiations.

What are the major barriers to large-scale deployment of biomass-based energy systems in India?

Identify one government scheme on biomass energy and summarize its objectives and achievements.

How do carbon credits and government incentives influence investment in biomass energy?

Discuss the influence of feedstock composition and pH control on biogas quality.

Conduct a literature review to identify three recent innovations in biochar

Discuss the role of gasification as a decentralized energy technology for rural electrification.

Create a schematic diagram representing solvent extraction or pyrolysis of biomass.

Discuss the role of bio-refineries in promoting circular economy and waste minimization.

Prepare a comparative chart of biofuel properties (methanol, ethanol, butanol, and biogas).

Design a small-scale biogas plant layout for a household using cattle dung and kitchen waste.

Discuss how biomass differs from fossil fuels in terms of sustainability and carbon neutrality.

Discuss the role of hybrid and integrated energy systems in achieving sustainable development goals.

Explain the importance of energy efficiency and conservation in energy planning.

Discuss the principle of intergenerational equity in energy resource utilization.