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Biofuels are renewable fuels derived from biological resources such as plant materials, agricultural residues, organic wastes, and microorganisms. Among the commonly used biofuels are methanol, ethanol, butanol, and biogas. These fuels differ in their chemical composition, physical properties, energy content, and applications. A comparative understanding of their properties is important for evaluating their efficiency, storage, transportation, and suitability for various energy applications. The following chart presents a comparison of major properties of methanol, ethanol, butanol, and biogas. Comparative Chart of Biofuel Properties: | Property | Methanol | Ethanol | Butanol | Biogas | | ------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- | | Chemical Formula | CH₃OH | C₂H₅OH | C₄H₉OH | Mainly CH₄ and CO₂ | | Physical State | Liquid | Liquid | Liquid | Gas | | Production Source | Biomass gasification, synthesis gas, fermentation | Fermentation of sugar and starch crops (sugarcane, corn) | Fermentation of biomass using Clostridium bacteria | Anaerobic digestion of organic wastes, manure, and sewage | | Energy Content (MJ/kg approx.) | 20 | 27 | 36 | 20–25 | | ___ ________ _____ ______ ___ __________ ______ __________ ___ __________ __________ _______.
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