Allosteric enzymes and Isoenzymes

‘A’ band and ‘T’ band of myofibril

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Explain β-oxidation pathway of saturated fatty acid breakdown.

Discuss the mechanism urine production in nephron.

Malpighian tubule

Allosteric enzyme

Vitamins C

Pheromone

Draw a flow chart to show how the three germinal layers are derived from the zygote

How is the placenta formed? What are its functions?

Describe the process of neurulation in chick.

What are the major differences in the development and differentiation of an egg and a sperm?

Briefly describe the spermiogenesis process

Mark the following statements as ‘True’ or ‘False’:
i) During development cells move by extending their cell processes in all directions without any polarity.
ii) The cytoskeleton of the cell is actively involved in cell movement and cell shape change.
iii) Cadherin on one cell binds strongly to similar cadherins molecules on other cells.
iv) Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that attach cells to other cells at the apical region.
v) Permissive interaction involves gene expression in the induced cell.
vi) Morphogens are paracrine signalling molecules.
vii) In apoptosis the cell organelles are delivered to lysosomes and the cell contents are spilled out.
viii) Cell death by necrosis indicates that cell has undergone a toxic reaction.
ix) Optic cup is induced to form the retinal layers by reciprocal induction from the lens.
x) Pattern formation is the result of morphogenesis.

List at least three stages in gene expression that can be regulated to result in differentiated cell types? Explain any one of them with the help of an example.

Draw a well labeled diagram of the internal structures of ovary and describe the structures present in it.

Name different stages in the evolution of heart.

Write short note on the general structure of heart wall.

Briefly discuss the mechanism of pulmonary respiration in frog. How is it different from reptilian mechanism of respiration?