How is the placenta formed? What are its functions?

Neurulation is a crucial stage in the embryonic development of vertebrates, including birds like the chick. It is the process by which the neural plate transforms into the neural tube, which eventually gives rise to the central nervous system. Neurulation is a highly orchestrated and intricate series of events that involves the folding and closure of the neural plate.

The process of neurulation in chick embryos can be broadly divided into several key stages:

1. Formation of the Neural Plate:
   Neurulation begins with the formation of the neural plate, which is a flat sheet of ectodermal cells located on the dorsal surface of the developing embryo. The neural plate __________ _______ ____ ________ _________ _______ _________ ___ _____ __________ ____ _______.
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