Define antibodies and draw the structure of immunoglobulin.

Describe the steps involved in the immunoelectrophoresis technique.

Define autoimmunity. Describe any two autoimmune disorders.

Explain the epidemiology of malarial parasite.

Explain the neutralization mechanism of bacteria by antibodies.

Name four insect orders which are of medical importance. Write at least one conspicuous feature and three examples of each order.

Write the various steps in the establishment of bacterial infection.

Cyclodevelopmental Transmission and Vertical Transmission

Propagative Transmission and Cyclopropagative Transmission

What is the vaccine? Explain the mode of action of vaccine. Write about the advantages and disadvantages of vaccination.

Explain vector-pathogen relationship.

Self and non-self antigens

Distinguish between the following insect orders based on the clue given in parentheses.

i) Mallophaga and Anoplura (Mouth parts)

ii) Heteroptera and Homoptera (Forewings)

iii) Diptera and Strepsiptera (Reduced wings)

iv) Isoptera and Hymenoptera (Joining of thorax and abdomen)

MHC class-I and II molecules

Active and Passive immunity

Helper "T" cells and cytotoxic "T" cells

Agglutination Reactions

Discuss the reproduction and metamorphosis in insects. 

DNA Vaccines

Opsonization