Define antibodies and draw the structure of immunoglobulin.

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are glycoproteins produced by plasma cells, which are derived from B lymphocytes in the immune system. These proteins play a crucial role in defending the body against foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. Antibodies are highly specific to the antigens they target, meaning each antibody is tailored to recognize and bind to a specific molecular structure, known as an epitope, on the surface of a pathogen.

The primary function of antibodies is to neutralize pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. This neutralization can occur by directly binding to the pathogen, blocking its ability to infect host cells. Additionally, antibodies can initiate __________ ______ _____ _____ ________ ___ ___ ____.
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