Describe the origin of Yoga with special reference to Hiranyagarbha and Guru Shishya
tradition.

 Explain the etymology, meaning and various classical definitions of Yoga from different texts. 

 Explain the architectural role and lifecycle of the ResultSet interface in JDBC programming.
Demonstrate how to traverse and retrieve data from a query outcome, using a short and
focused code snippet.

Write a complete Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) program to manage a relational user schema
for a library management system. Make necessary design assumptions for the database structure and
ensure proper exception handling is implemented

What is FXML? Explain event handling in JavaFX with the help of a code snippet

 Detail the architectural and package hierarchy of the Java Swing component library. Provide a
comprehensive technical comparison between the Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) and the Swing
framework

 Explain the use of the List interface and the Vector class in Java with the help of suitable
examples

Explain the concept of multithreading and differentiate between the two primary mechanisms used
to create threads in Java. Write a Java program that demonstrates the practical implementation of
thread synchronization.

Define an exception and analyse the primary systemic and logical causes behind exception
generation. How are exceptions handled in Java? Design a custom, user-defined exception class to
validate human age inputs (e.g., throwing an exception if the input is negative or exceeds a realistic
biological threshold)

What is an abstract class? Explain its advantages. Critically compare it with an interface in Java.

 Define the concept of inheritance in object-oriented systems and outline its primary advantages.
Discuss the specific types of inheritance supported (and not supported) by Java, and demonstrate its
implementation using a clear programming example

) Describe how file handling and I/O operations are managed in Java. Explain the use of the Java File
class and its methods using Java code. (6 Marks)
Question

 Write a Java program to find the product of two matrices. Define proper class(es) and methods in
your program.

 What is the purpose of the Character wrapper class in Java? Explain the operational utility of any
four methods of this class. 

Explain the uses of this, final and super keywords in Java with the help of example code snippets.

Define a class within the context of Java Programming. Explain how a class is declared, and evaluate
the scope and visibility of the access specifiers (public, private, protected, and default) using Java
code snippets

Data scientists often work with large, evolving datasets. Explain the limitations of traditional filebased systems in the context of analytics and machine learning workflows. How does a DBMS

Consider the following schedule involving two transactions T1 and T2 operating on a dataset table
storing aggregate metrics:
(i) Compute the final value of X (assume initial X = 100).
(ii) Determine whether the schedule is serializable.
(iii) Identify the concurrency issue involved and explain its impact on analytics accuracy.
(c) Explain the Two-Phase Locking (2PL) protocol. Discuss how it ensures consistency in multi-user
analytical environments. Can deadlocks still occur? Explain with a suitable example.

 Explain the ACID properties of transactions with a data science pipeline example, such as feature
store updates or model versioning.

A company claims that the average battery life of its rechargeable battery is 18 hours. A random sample of
40 batteries gives a mean life of 17.2 hours with a standard deviation of 2.5 hours. Using a 5%
significance level, test the manufacturer's claim. (4 Marks)
Clearly state the following while answering:
 Null and alternative hypotheses,
 Test statistic,
 Conclusion.
(f) Explain the concepts of significance level, Type-I error, Type-II error and p-value. Also, compare the ztest and t-test, and discuss the situations in which each test should be applied.