Describe the methods of raising long-term finance.

Why is planning an important management function? Discuss the principles of *delegation of authority' and 'decentralization".

Discuss the different forms of business organisation.

 What is the principle of microarray? Describe the steps involved in designing a microarray, including probe design, array fabrication, sample labeling, hybridisation and scanning.

 Describe the steps for predicting ẞ-sheets using the Chou-Fasman method.

Explain the steps involved in bootstrap analysis with an example.

Discuss the merits and demerits of standard deviation compared to variance.

Discuss the merits and demerits of standard deviation compared to variance.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Define the term "Binomial distribution". Discuss with a suitable example.

What is the p-value, and how is it used in hypothesis testing?

What is the p-value, and how is it used in hypothesis testing?

 Discuss the significance of RNA secondary structure prediction and compare the tools Mfold and RNAfold.

 Discuss the significance of RNA secondary structure prediction and compare the tools Mfold and RNAfold.

Explain how the C/C++ programming languages are used in BLAST and SAMTools.

 Elaborate on the principles of classification, which include class limits, class intervals, range and class frequency and explain how these things are applied in biostatistical data analysis.

What is the FASTA file format, and how is it structured?

What is the FASTA file format, and how is it structured?

Explain the importance of nucleotide databases in molecular biology and bioinformatics.

Explain the importance of nucleotide databases in molecular biology and bioinformatics.