Explain the principle, instrumentation and environmental applications of IR Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry

Write short notes on the following:

a. Soil pH

b. Weathering

c. Green Chemistry

d. Hydrological cycle

Describe the ozone layer depletion and its impact on biosphere

Explain eco-friendly pesticides and their significant role in agrochemical sector.

 Describe the mechanism, classification and properties of lubricants.

 Explain the concept and scope of environmental chemistry. Explain fundamentals of oxidation- reduction with examples of redox reactions,

With suitable examples, discuss the control of enantioselectivity in alkylation reactions.

Write the advantages and disadvantages of chiron approach.

 Discuss the role of phase transfer catalysis in nucleophilic substitution reactions.

 What are homoenolates? Write the methods of their preparation.

 Write various factors which control the formation of enolates.

Discuss the oxidation of monoalkylacetylenes using thalium nitrate. Also give the mechanism of the reaction.

 Give examples of alkoxysubstituted LAH reducing agents. Compare their selectivity with LAH.

Explain giving suitable reactions the reduction of benzene using sodium is liquid ammonia.

 Explain Negishi coupling reaction with an example and give its mechanism.

Discuss the disconnections for the synthesis of benzocaine.

Explain the synthesis of azepine using ethoxycarbonyl nitrene.

Draw the taustomeric forms of azepines and compare their stabilities.

Discuss the Skraup synthesis of quinoline giving the reactions involved.

How can benzotriazole be synthesised starting from ortho-phenylenediamine? Give the mechanism of the reaction.