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The Shunga period, which followed the decline of the Mauryan Empire around the 2nd century BCE, represents a significant phase in the development of Indian art, particularly in the field of sculpture. The Shunga dynasty, founded by Pushyamitra Shunga, ruled over large parts of northern and central India, and their patronage of art and architecture contributed to the emergence of a distinctive sculptural style that marked a departure from the earlier Mauryan aesthetic. Shunga sculptures are primarily associated with Buddhist monuments such as stupas, railings, gateways, and pillars, reflecting the religious and cultural environment of the time. One of the most notable features of Shunga sculpture is its transition from the polished, refined, and somewhat idealized forms of Mauryan art to a more expressive, detailed, and narrative style. Unlike the Mauryan sculptures, which often emphasized smooth surfaces and monumental simplicity, Shunga artists focused on intricate carvings and elaborate decorative elements. The use of stone became more widespread during this period, particularly sandstone, which allowed for detailed relief work. The sculptures were often carved in low to medium relief, creating a rich visual texture. The most prominent examples of Shunga sculpture can be found at sites such as Bharhut, Sanchi, and Bodh Gaya. The Bharhut Stupa in Madhya ___ ______ ___ _________ ___.
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