Write down main functions of the Operating System. Write down the advantages and disadvantages of Batch Operating System.

The Operating System (OS) is a fundamental component of computer systems, serving as an intermediary between the hardware and software applications. It manages hardware resources and provides a user interface for interacting with the system. The OS performs several critical functions that ensure the smooth operation of a computer. These functions can be categorized as follows:

1. Process Management: 
   One of the primary functions of an OS is process management. A process is a program in execution, and the OS is responsible for managing these processes. It allocates resources, schedules their execution, and handles process synchronization and inter-process communication. The OS ensures that processes do not interfere with each other and that they run efficiently. It also manages the creation, scheduling, and termination of processes. 

2. Memory Management: 
   The OS manages the computer's memory by allocating memory to processes and ensuring that they do not interfere with one another. It handles both primary memory (RAM) and secondary memory (such as hard drives). Memory management includes the allocation of space for processes, the swapping of data between RAM and the disk (virtual memory), and the release of memory when processes terminate. This ensures that memory is used efficiently, avoiding memory leaks and fragmentation.

3. File System Management: 
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