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Hermeneutical method in philosophy refers to the systematic approach of interpretation and understanding of meanings, especially those embedded in texts, symbols, traditions, human actions, and historical experiences. The term “hermeneutics” originates from the Greek word *hermeneuein*, meaning “to interpret” or “to explain.” Initially, hermeneutics was developed as a method for interpreting religious scriptures and legal texts, but over time it became an important philosophical methodology concerned with understanding human existence, language, culture, and knowledge. In philosophical research methodology, hermeneutics provides a framework for examining meanings rather than merely discovering empirical facts. It emphasizes that human reality is shaped by interpretation and that understanding is essential for philosophical inquiry. The roots of hermeneutical thinking can be traced to ancient Greek philosophy, where interpretation was associated with explaining myths, poetry, and philosophical writings. However, systematic hermeneutics developed during the Renaissance and the Reformation period, particularly in relation to the interpretation of biblical texts. Thinkers such as Friedrich Schleiermacher expanded hermeneutics beyond religious interpretation and presented it as a general theory of understanding. According to Schleiermacher, interpretation involves understanding both the linguistic structure of a text and the author’s intention. He believed that the interpreter must reconstruct the author’s thought process to achieve a deeper understanding of the text. Wilhelm Dilthey further developed hermeneutics by distinguishing between the methods of natural sciences and human sciences. According to Dilthey, natural sciences aim at explanation (*Erklären*), while human sciences focus on ___ ________ _____ _____ _________ ______ _________ _________ _____ _________ ________ ___.
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