Write an essay on Environment Policy Instruments to reduce pollution and degradation

Economic development in developing countries must be accomplished in a manner that does not harm the environment with pollution. Pollution harms human health and productivity. Thus appropriate strategies must be developed that promote growth, reduce poverty, and protect the environment.

Since 1970, the government of various countries started adopting different legislations to reduce environmental pollution and degradation.
All the policy instruments for protecting and sustaining ecological resources have the common goal to achieve ecological improvements (e.g. a certain reduction in CO2 emissions and other green house gases) and avoid negative, and create positive impacts in the other areas of society. Policy instruments attaining sustainable management of ecological resources can be classified into three groups:
(1) decentralized such as moral suasion; (2) command and control (direct regulation), such as ambient, effluent or technology standards combined with
enforcement; and (3) market based instruments such as emissions tax, subsidies, and tradable permits.

Decentralized Policy Instruments
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