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The National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) in India, launched in 1982, was a pioneering step towards addressing mental health as an integral part of public health. The core objective of NMHP was to ensure the availability and accessibility of minimum mental healthcare for all, particularly the vulnerable and underprivileged sections of society. It recognized mental health as a vital component of overall well-being and aimed at the prevention and treatment of mental and neurological disorders and their associated disabilities. However, within the framework of NMHP, the gendered dimensions of health—especially mental health—have emerged as critical concerns demanding deeper attention. The NMHP comprises three major components: treatment of mentally ill patients, rehabilitation of the mentally ill, and prevention and promotion of positive mental health. It was later strengthened with the introduction of the District Mental Health Programme (DMHP) in 1996, aimed at decentralizing mental health services and integrating them into the general healthcare delivery system at the district level. From a gendered perspective, mental health issues manifest differently in women and men due to biological, socio-cultural, and economic factors. In India, women often face multiple forms of discrimination—based on caste, class, religion, and region—which intersect to influence their mental health. Mental illnesses in women may be exacerbated by domestic violence, gender-based discrimination, lack of autonomy, and poverty. NMHP, while conceived as a universal health initiative, needs to address these gender-specific determinants more explicitly. One of the fundamental gender-related challenges in mental health in India is the under-reporting and under-diagnosis of mental illness in women. Societal expectations of women to remain emotionally resilient, caretaking, and self-sacrificing often pressure them into silence. Depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints in women are frequently normalized or dismissed. Women who attempt to access mental healthcare may face stigma not only from society but also from within their families. Thus, any mental health policy, including NMHP, ______ ________ __________ ____ ______ ____ _____ _______ _____ _________ _______.
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