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Water supply in a building is one of the most essential services required for ensuring hygiene, health, comfort, and proper functioning of residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial structures. A well-planned water supply system provides adequate quantity of safe and potable water at required pressure and at convenient locations within the building. The design and maintenance of water supply systems play a vital role in improving living standards and preventing water-related diseases while ensuring efficient utilization of resources. The primary objective of a building water supply system is to deliver clean and safe water for various domestic purposes such as drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, cleaning, flushing, gardening, and fire protection. The system must ensure continuous availability of water without contamination, leakage, or excessive wastage. Proper planning begins from the identification of the water source, followed by treatment, storage, distribution, and disposal arrangements within the building premises. Sources of water supply for buildings generally include municipal water supply, bore wells, tube wells, open wells, rivers, lakes, or rainwater harvesting systems. In urban areas, municipal water supply is the most common source, where treated water is supplied through underground pipelines maintained by local authorities. However, due to irregular supply or shortage, buildings often rely on supplementary sources such as groundwater extracted through pumps. The quality of water obtained from these sources must be tested to ensure it meets potable standards before use. The water supply system in a building mainly consists of service connections, storage tanks, pumps, distribution pipes, valves, fittings, and fixtures. Water received from the main supply line _______ _____ ______ ____ ____ ____ _______ _________ ________ ___ _______ _________.
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