Write a note on the Mauryan administration. 

The Mauryan Empire, which lasted from 321 B.C.E. to 185 B.C.E., was the first pan-Indian empire, encompassing much of the Indian subcontinent. It covered sections of modern-day Iran as well as central and northern India. Following Alexander the Great’s death in 323 BCE, Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan dynasty, acquired the Punjab area from Alexander’s old empire’s southeastern boundaries. Kautilya, also known as Chanakya, was Chandragupta’s Prime minister. He counselled him and contributed to the empire’s legacy. Kautilya is noted for producing the Arthashastra, a treatise on leadership and administration, in addition to being a political strategist. The Arthashastra explains how a state’s economics and authority should be organised.

Central Government

• Mauryan administration was highly centralized.
• The Emperor was the supreme power and source of all authority.
• He was assisted by a Council of Ministers. It was called ‘Mantriparishad’. The ministers were called ‘Mantris.’
• The council was headed by ‘mantriparishad-adhyakshya’ akin to the Prime Minister of today.
• Tirthas: the Highest category of officials in the administration. There were 18 Tirthas.
• Adhyakshya: Ranked next only to Tirthas. There were 20 Adhyakshyas. They had economic and military functions.
• Mahamattas: Higher ranking officials.
• Amatyas: High ranking officials almost like present-day secretaries. They had administrative and judicial roles.
• The Adhyakshyas were formed into a secretariat, which was divided into many departments.
• Arthashastra mentions many Adhyakshyas for commerce, storehouses, gold, ships, agriculture, cows, horses, city, chariots, mint, infantry, etc.
• Yuktas: Subordinate officers responsible for the Empire’s revenue.
• Rajjukas: Officers in charge of land measurement and boundary-fixing.
• Sansthadhyasksha: Superintendent of mint
• Samasthadhyasksha: Superintendent of markets
• Sulkaadhyaksha: Superintendent of tolls
• Sitaadhyaksha: Superintendent of agriculture
• Navadhyaksha: Superintendent of ships
• Lohadhyaksha: Superintendent of iron
• Pauthavadhyakhsa: Superintendent of weights and measures
• Akaradhyaksha: Superintendent of mines
• Vyavharika Mahamatta: Judiciary officers
• Pulisanj: Public relations officers
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