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The Swaraj Party was founded in January 1923 as a response to the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement by Mahatma Gandhi in February 1922, following the Chauri Chaura incident. The abrupt end of the movement created disillusionment among many Congress leaders, especially those who believed that parliamentary methods could also be used as a means of political resistance. Leaders like Motilal Nehru, Chittaranjan Das (C.R. Das), and others were of the opinion that the national movement should not retreat from political engagement but rather make use of the legislative councils established under the Government of India Act of 1919. The primary aim of the Swaraj Party was to enter the legislative councils through elections and use them as platforms to disrupt colonial governance from within. This approach was described as “Council Entry” or “Legislative Obstructionism.” The party aimed to expose the failure and limitations of the British colonial administration and to use the councils as a medium to voice nationalist sentiments. The formation of the Swaraj Party marked a significant shift within the Indian National Congress. The Congress, after the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement, was divided between the “No-Changers” who followed Gandhi’s program of constructive work (like khadi, prohibition, and village upliftment) and the “Pro-Changers” who supported legislative participation. The Swarajists belonged to the latter group and sought to complement Gandhi’s mass movements with _____ _________ _________ ___ ___ _________ ________.
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