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The 20th century marked a pivotal era in the evolution of American drama, reflecting the cultural, political, and psychological complexities of the American experience. From the early influence of European traditions to the emergence of uniquely American voices, the century witnessed a profound transformation in dramatic forms, themes, and staging. American drama of the 20th century can be broadly understood through various movements, key playwrights, and the socio-political contexts that shaped them. At the dawn of the 20th century, American drama was heavily influenced by European naturalism and realism. The works of Henrik Ibsen and Anton Chekhov deeply influenced early American playwrights who sought to depict life truthfully on stage. Realism became a dominant trend, with an emphasis on everyday struggles, working-class characters, and moral dilemmas. One of the earliest and most significant figures in American drama during this period was Eugene O’Neill. His works such as *Long Day’s Journey Into Night*, *The Iceman Cometh*, and *Mourning Becomes Electra* explored themes of family, addiction, and existential despair. O’Neill’s use of psychological depth and tragic structure gave American drama an intellectual and emotional seriousness that had ____ _______ ________ ___ __________ __________ ___ ________ _______ ____.
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