Write a detailed note on urine formation with suitable diagrams.

Urine formation is a vital physiological process carried out by the kidneys, which involves the filtration of blood, reabsorption of essential substances, and excretion of waste products. The process occurs in three main stages: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

### 1. Glomerular Filtration

The process of urine formation begins in the renal corpuscle, which is composed of the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that filters blood under high pressure. The blood entering the glomerulus comes from the renal artery and is forced through the capillary walls due to the high pressure created by the heart's pumping action. This process allows small molecules, including water, glucose, salts, and urea, to pass through the capillary walls, while larger molecules like proteins and blood cells are retained in the bloodstream.

The filtrate, which is the fluid that results from this filtration, enters the Bowman's capsule. The filtration process is selective, with a filtration barrier consisting of the endothelium of the capillaries, the basement membrane, and the podocytes (specialized cells of the Bowman's capsule). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an important measure of kidney function, as it indicates how much blood is being filtered by the kidneys per minute.

### 2. Tubular Reabsorption

After the formation of the glomerular filtrate, the next phase in urine formation is tubular reabsorption, which _________ _______ ____ ________ _____ ____ __________ ___ ______ __________.
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