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Fire safety in facilities in India is governed by a combination of national legislation, state-level regulations, and standards set by recognized bodies to ensure the protection of life, property, and the environment from fire hazards. The legal framework emphasizes preventive measures, preparedness, and timely response to fire emergencies, reflecting the growing awareness of fire-related risks in industrial, commercial, and residential facilities. At the national level, the primary legislation regulating fire safety is the National Building Code of India (NBC), which was first introduced in 1970 and periodically revised, with the latest comprehensive edition released in 2016. The NBC provides detailed guidelines on fire protection, structural fire safety, fire detection and alarm systems, firefighting equipment, and safe evacuation procedures. Part 4 of the NBC specifically addresses fire and life safety, categorizing buildings by occupancy type and defining minimum safety standards such as fire exits, staircases, and access routes for firefighting vehicles. In addition to the NBC, the Factories Act, 1948, enforced by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, plays a crucial role in ensuring fire safety in industrial facilities. The act mandates the provision of adequate fire-fighting arrangements, safe storage of flammable substances, proper emergency exits, and training of employees in fire prevention and evacuation procedures. Section 41 of the Factories Act specifically requires factories to maintain necessary fire extinguishers and hydrants, and to conduct regular inspections by qualified personnel. Complementing this, the Petroleum Act, 1934, and the Petroleum Rules, 2002, regulate fire safety in facilities handling flammable liquids and gases, emphasizing safe storage, handling, and transportation to prevent fire accidents. Fire safety legislation in India ___ ______ ________ ___ _________.
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