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“The Death of the Author” is a seminal essay by Roland Barthes, first published in 1967, which challenges traditional notions of authorship and the authority of the author in literary interpretation. In this work, Barthes critiques the conventional critical practice that privileges the author as the central figure responsible for the meaning of a text. He argues that a text should not be seen as a transparent window into the author’s intentions or personal experiences. Instead, it is an independent entity that generates multiple meanings through the interaction with readers. The essay represents a radical shift in literary theory, marking a movement away from author-centric criticism toward a more reader-oriented approach. Barthes begins by problematizing the long-standing tendency to treat a literary work as a reflection of the author’s personality, biography, or social context. Traditional criticism often assumes that understanding the author’s life is key to understanding the text. Barthes, however, contends that this approach limits the text to a singular interpretation, effectively reducing its richness and multiplicity. By focusing on authorial intent, critics ignore the autonomy of the text and the active role of the reader in creating meaning. According to Barthes, writing is fundamentally a practice of liberation: once a text is created, it enters a social and cultural domain where it interacts with readers independently of its creator. One of the central _____ _____ _____ ____ ________.
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