Why is plague also called 'Black Death"? Explain the transmission of discuse in animals, different forms of the disease and its diagnosis.

Plague is often referred to as the "Black Death" due to the devastating impact it had on human populations in Europe during the 14th century. The term "Black Death" is thought to be linked to the blackening of the skin caused by hemorrhaging or the appearance of black sores that would often develop as a result of the infection. This deadly disease is caused by *Yersinia pestis*, a gram-negative bacterium that primarily infects rodents but can also spread to humans and other animals. The high mortality rates associated with this disease, combined with its rapid spread, led to its notorious reputation.

Transmission of Plague in Animals:

Plague is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected flea, which feeds on the blood of rodents like rats, squirrels, and prairie dogs. Fleas become infected when they feed on the blood of a rodent that is carrying the *Yersinia pestis* bacteria. Once infected, the flea becomes a vector that can transmit the disease to other animals, including humans, when it bites. The bacteria block the flea’s digestive system, causing it ___ _________ _______ _____ ____ ________ _________ _________ _________ _____ ____.
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