Why do you think that classical, folk and popular cultures are closely interrelated? 

One of the central premises for the study of 'folk' culture in South Asia was that it constitutes a basic cultural formation in non-modern or semi-modern or premodern societies of the area. In other words, 'folk' and its cultural connotation were associated with societies which were not 'modern'. The predominantly assumed criteria of modernity were written culture, individualism and industrial society. To understand and explain societies wherein the three features were not predominantly evident, study of their 'folk' culture was seen as the possible method. The two basic challenges to this conceptual approach to 'folk' culture in SouthAsia were (a) the historical interrelationship and inter-dependence between various modes of cultural processes, and (b) how to define 'modern' culture in relation to 'folk' culture. With regard to the historical interrelationship and inter-dependence between various modes of cultural processes, it has been pointed out that the distinction between 'folk' and written narratives in pre-modern literatures of South Asia is difficult to locate. Pre-modern literatures in South Asia were not premised upon the strict differentiation of oral and written narratives. For example, many of the epic traditions in pre-modern South Asia were in the form of katha which were tales that were also performed before the audience. In other words, they not only existed as texts but also as performing traditions. In that capacity, these epic traditions were both oral and literary at the same time. They were oral because their mode of practice or communication was verbal and they were literary because their mode of existence was textual, i.e. written. One of the best cases of such inter-relation between oral and written narrative are the various Ramayana traditions across the subcontinent. It is also possible to find literary traditions in South Asia which existed as oral traditions and later transformed into written traditions. The early epic tradition of the Gangetic area was oral in nature, i.e. the epics were orally transferred from one generation to another through specific methods of memory. It was only towards the close of the first millennium BC, i.e. after nearly centuries of existence as oral _______ _______ ________ ____ ________.
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