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Tribes are distinct social groups that are characterized by shared culture, language, and traditional practices, often inhabiting specific geographical regions and maintaining a degree of social cohesion and collective identity. They generally have historical continuity, meaning that their cultural and social structures have persisted over long periods of time, often adapting to external influences while retaining core traditions. Tribes are recognized not merely by their ethnicity but by their social organization, customary practices, and sense of communal belonging. In many parts of the world, including India, Africa, and the Americas, tribes have maintained unique ways of life that distinguish them from the dominant society, including specific forms of governance, religious practices, and economic activities, such as subsistence farming, hunting, or artisanal crafts. The term “tribe” is thus a socio-cultural and political category that encompasses groups with a strong identity, often linked to ancestral territory and a common language or dialect. Scheduled Tribes in India are groups that have been officially recognized by the Constitution of India under Article 342 due to their distinctive culture, economic backwardness, and social marginalization. This official recognition allows these communities to access certain legal protections, affirmative action policies, and welfare schemes aimed at promoting their social and economic development. The identification of Scheduled Tribes is primarily based on criteria such as primitive traits, distinctive culture, geographical isolation, shyness of contact with the larger community, and backwardness. The Indian government maintains an official list of Scheduled Tribes for each state and union __________ __________ _____ _______ ________ ____ _____ _______.
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