What was the state of Indian agriculture before 1947? What measures were taken to bring about improvements in agricultural production after 1947?

The state of Indian agriculture before 1947 was characterized by a combination of traditional agrarian practices, widespread poverty, and economic exploitation under British colonial rule. The agricultural sector was primarily subsistence-oriented, with a majority of the population engaged in farming. However, the agrarian system was marked by inefficiencies, land revenue policies that burdened the farmers, and limited technological advancements.

State of Indian Agriculture before 1947:

1. Land Revenue System: The British colonial rulers implemented the Permanent Settlement in 1793, followed by the Ryotwari and Mahalwari systems. These systems, designed to extract maximum revenue from the land, imposed heavy taxes on the farmers, leading to economic hardships.

2. Traditional Farming Practices: Indian agriculture relied on age-old methods and lacked modern techniques. Farmers were dependent on monsoons, and the absence of irrigation facilities made them vulnerable to the vagaries of nature. The absence of scientific farming practices resulted in _______ ____ _____ ____ ________ ___ ________ _______ _______.
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