What was the impact of Commercialisation of agriculture? Discuss.

The commercialisation of agriculture in India, particularly from the late 18th century to the early 19th century, had a profound impact on the economy, society, and political structures of the subcontinent. This transformation was primarily driven by colonial policies, especially under the British East India Company, which sought to extract revenue from the agrarian sector to fuel its empire. While the commercialisation of agriculture spurred certain economic activities and infrastructural developments, it also led to several adverse effects for the Indian peasantry and rural society.

### Economic Transformation

The British East India Company’s primary concern was to extract surplus agricultural produce for export to Britain. This led to the intensification of cash crop production, often at the expense of food crops. A variety of crops like indigo, cotton, opium, and sugarcane were promoted for commercial production, which was mostly meant for export markets. The shift from subsistence farming to cash crop cultivation changed the rural economy dramatically.

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