What is the principle of paper chromatography? How is the technique of TLC helpful in the identification of a compound?

Paper chromatography is a widely used analytical technique for separating and identifying the components of a mixture based on their differential migration through a stationary phase (usually a piece of filter paper) caused by their varying affinities for a mobile phase (usually a solvent). The principle of paper chromatography is based on the concept of partition chromatography, which relies on the distribution of a solute between two phases: a stationary phase (paper) and a mobile phase (solvent).

Here's how paper chromatography works:

1. Sample Application: A small spot of the mixture to be analyzed is placed near the bottom of a strip of filter paper or chromatography paper.

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