What is the effective life of a photovoltaic module? State the factors on which voltage output of a PV module depends.

The effective life of a photovoltaic (PV) module refers to the period during which the module operates at or near its rated power output. Typically, the effective life of a photovoltaic module is considered to be around 25 to 30 years. However, this can vary depending on the quality of the materials used, environmental conditions, and how the module is maintained. Over time, a PV module's efficiency degrades, and its ability to convert sunlight into electricity diminishes. This degradation is often measured as the percentage reduction in the rated power output each year, usually _________ ________ ________ _____ ____ ___ __________ _______ _______.
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