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A spectral signature is the unique pattern of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and a material at different wavelengths. It represents the amount of energy reflected, absorbed, or transmitted by an object across the electromagnetic spectrum. In remote sensing, spectral signatures are used to identify, classify, and study various objects on the Earth’s surface. Different materials have different chemical compositions, physical structures, and moisture conditions, which cause them to respond differently to incoming radiation. The variation of reflectance with wavelength is generally represented through a spectral reflectance curve. The spectral signature of an object depends on several factors such as wavelength of electromagnetic radiation, surface roughness, moisture content, atmospheric conditions, and the characteristics of the material itself. Remote sensing systems record these differences using sensors operating in various spectral bands. The ___ ______ _______ ______ ____ _______ __________.
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